Macrophage-extracellular matrix interactions: perspectives for tissue engineered heart valve remodeling

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SUMMARY

    In_vitro grown human cell-derived tissue engineered matrices (TEMs) have been recently proposed as a promising material to fulfill the need for an easily accessible and an off-the-shelf option for TEHV development. TEMs are obtained by in_vitro culture of human fibroblastlike cells on a biodegradable scaffold for a pre-determined amount of time to have sufficient deposition of ECM proteins. It has been shown that residual cellular debris, such as DNA, mitochondria and cell membrane_proteins, can promote a pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype both in_vitro and in_vivo. Indeed, the DNA amount and . . .

     

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