SUMMARY
Piroplasms, Babesia spp., and Theileria spp., which are conveyed by ticks, serve as the etiologic agents of piroplasmosis that significantly impact the economy of the livestock industry, resulting in production losses, treatment and prevention costs, and increased morbidity and mortality. Ticks exhibit a broad spectrum of hosts, encompassing mammals, birds, and reptiles; during their blood meal, ticks can transmit a multitude of pathogens to their hosts. According to the recent classification, the tick species are categorized into three families: Ixodidae, which included 702 species of hard ticks; Argasidae, including 193 species of soft ticks; and Nuttalliellidae, represented . . .
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