HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
SARS-CoV-2 spike_protein consists of two functional regions named the S1 unit-responsible for binding with the host cell receptor ACE2-and S2. In COPD in_vitro models of bronchial epithelial_cells exposed to cigarette smoke extracts (CSE), Carbocysteine reduces oxidative stress, increases HDAC2 and HDAC3 expression inducing deacetylation processes, reduces pro-inflammatory markers (IL-8 mRNA, IL-8 release, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding) and inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis. Reduction of HNE-induced mucus secretion by Carbocysteine in the pulmonary epithelial_cells may partly relate to the reduction of ROS. Adhesion of . . .
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