Nano(bio)materials do not affect macrophage phenotype—a study conducted by the refine project

HIGHLIGHTS

• What: The work shows the utility of this assay but highlights the relevance of donor variability in responses to nano(bio)materials. In the work described here, the authors deployed a standardised procedure for assessment of both monocyte activation and response of human, polarised, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to well-characterised NBMs . An outcome for this work was to determine the potential for nano(bio)materials to induce cytokines and chemokines from M1- and M2-like macrophages, differentiated ex vivo from primary human immune cells. While the approach described in this work may not account for specific . . .
  

   

  

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