Nf-κb activator 1 downregulation in macrophages activates stat3 to promote adenoma-adenocarcinoma transition and immunosuppression in colorectal cancer

HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1) and PD-L2 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand 2) from TAMs or tumor cells promote the inhibitory function of the PD-1(Programmed Cell Death Protein 1) immune checkpoint in T_cells. Immunofluorescent staining To observe F4/80+ PD-L1+/CD68+ PD-L1+ macrophage and ­CD8+ ­PD1+ T_cells in CRC tissue of patients and AA mice, the tissue slides were de-paraffinized, rehydrated, incubated for 30 min in sodium citrate buffer (10 mM sodium citrate, pH 6.0, 0.05% Tween-20) for antigen retrieval. TAMs induce C ­ D8 . . .

 



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