HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
New capillary blood vessels are composed of endothelial cells (ECs), and their growth includes endothelial tip cell selection, tip cell motility, and stalk cell proliferation. The authors will first provide an overview of the types of theoretical models which are used to simulate the angiogenic process giving special attention to the modeling tools used to incorporate the mechanical aspects (i.e., external loads, blood flow shear forces, and cell traction forces) during sprouting angiogenesis. Generally, in the context of angiogenesis modeling, continuum models ignore constituent details (for example, cell-level details), and new capillary . . .
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