HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
The brain contains all the enzymes required for converting steroid hormones to several metabolites and elevated tissue levels of steroid hormones are found in regions highly affected by neonatal HI, such as the hippocampus. Growing evidence suggests that sex steroid hormones affect cellular events following brain insults, causing a neuroprotective effect on both immature and adult brain. Treatment onset regarding the HI insult, as well as duration of hormone administration, were identified as relevant moderators of the effect of sex steroid hormones on neuronal survival and neuroinflammatory responses. Administration of steroid hormones immediately after . . .
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