HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Various mechanisms are implicated in such axis, including a strong immunological regulation, neural signaling through the autonomic nervous system (primarily via cranial nerve X, vagus nerve), the production of microbial metabolites (e_g, bile acids, choline, and short-chain fatty_acids), and metabolism of neurotransmitters (e_g, GABA, noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine). In fact, lifestyle behaviors have been referred to as potential confounders of probiotic effects on cognitive functions and the scientific literature have consistently highlighted the need for lifestyle behaviors to be considered as control variables in microbiome research. The lack of microbiome data does not . . .
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