Raptors avoid the confusion effect by targeting fixed points in dense aerial prey aggregations

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Caroline H. Brighton from the Study system We conducted our research at the Jornada Caves, New Mexico, USA from , to , June This remote cave site on private land in the Chihuahuan Desert occupies an elevated volcanic plateau at approximately , m altitude, with the remains of collapsed lava tubes forming a deep canyon with cave and arch features. The site was chosen because of the presence of a population of Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) that predates the population of Mexican Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) that emerge from the caves en masse daily throughout the summer39 . . .
  

   

  

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