HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Died tumor cells release antigens, triggering traditional antigen-presentation dendritic cells (DC) to catch and present major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Iantigens to T_cells, followed by immune activation mediated by the activated CD8+T_cells. Effector CD8+ T_cells, also named cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), play the most significant adaptive tumor-killing effects in TME by releasing cytotoxic perforins, Hot and cold TME. Due to factors such as the extracellular matrix (ECM), current CAR-T_cells are only effective against hematological tumors, toxic at high doses, and cannot simultaneously target multiple antigens. The failure of T_cells to . . .
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