Research on the path of total factor productivity improvement in multinational enterprises: based on fsqca methodology and toe framework

HIGHLIGHTS

• What: Subsequently, the paper analyzes the factors 2 Published by SCHOLINK INC. The study will adhere to standard citation and footnote formatting as well as grammatical correctness to maintain a formal register and objective language. This study refers to Hadlock and amp; Pierce to measure the degree of financing constraints faced by firms with the SA index, which is calculated as SA=-0.737*Size+0.043*Size2-0.04*Age. This study analyzes the driving paths of MNEs` total factor productivity improvement through fsQCA and comes to the following conclusions: On the one hand, MNEs can . . .
  

   

  

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