Second sound with ultracold atoms: a brief historical account

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Hui Hu from the University successfully demonstrated the ballistic hydrodynamic expansion of a Fermi cloud of lithium atoms, due to either the superfluid hydrodynamics or normal collisional hydrodynamics [4]This observation paves the way to second sound, if the superfluid hydrodynamics is responsible for the ballistic expansion. Collective density oscillations (i.e., first sounds) of the strongly interacting Fermi gas in harmonic traps were subsequently measured [6-8]. The resulting breathing mode frequency was found to be well explained by the superfluid hydrodynamic theory [9-11]. However, there was no trace of second sound in the . . .
  

   

  

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