Spinal arthritis in cane toads across the australian landscape

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Deborah S., Bower and Lin, Schwarzkopf from the We collected , individual toads from the campus of James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland, Australia (-193329°S, .7575oE) over five years (Supplementary Table, ) and an additional , toads from locations in the Northern Territory, Western and Southern Queensland and New South Wales in , and , (Fig., ). Toads were captured by visual encounter and hand collection at night, or in traps12, . They were euthanised by an overdose of buffered MS222, and preserved by freezing before dissection. During dissection, we used Vernier callipers to measure body size (snout-urostyle length) and the . . .
  

   

  

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