Structure and energy transfer in homogeneous turbulence below a free surface

HIGHLIGHTS

• What: By means of high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), the authors characterize the turbulence structure from the bulk region to the free surface, resolving from the dissipative to the integral scales of the flow. As described below, L∞ ≈ 10 cm; as such, in this section the authors show results spatially averaged over z and amp;lt; -15 cm, where the flow statistics vary marginally with depth. In § 3.1 the authors show that, below a thin near-surface layer barely resolved by the imaging system, the orbital velocities induced by gravity . . .
  

   

  

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