Systems for realistic assessments of anthropogenic stressors on marine organisms and empirical investigations of the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on marine organisms are typically performed under controlled laboratory conditions onshore mesocosms or via offshore experiments with realistic (but uncontrolled) environmental variation

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Shipbuilding Docks as Experimental and colleagues from the the tanks' conditions due to temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind, and light conditionsOnshore outdoor mesocosm studies have been successful in, for example, demonstrating the impact of temperature on fish growth (Casas, ), and they typically use larger tanks than those in indoor facilities (a, liter tank is envisioned when comparing methods). Larger tanks allow for the use of slightly larger individuals or groups of animals. An example of a long-running onshore outdoor marine mesocosm facility is the Marine Ecosystem Research Laboratory at the University of Rhode Island, in . . .
  

   

  

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