HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
TGF-β must first combine with its specific receptor complex, including TGF-β type I (TβRI) and TGF-β type II (TβRII) receptor chains on the cell surface, to exert its biological effects. As the tumor advances in malignant progression, the genome often accumulates mutations in the TGF-β receptor genes that renders the cancer cells unresponsive to TGF-β. Overall, the results, even if they need to be confirmed in a larger sample of NMSC patients (in particular for data comparing SCC and BCC histologic types) suggest that the net effect of the TGF-β gene pathway . . .
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