HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
Similar findings have been reported by others: It seems that particularly higher levels of HRV are indicative of a better outcome to treatment. Changes in HR/HRV may thus represent the consequence of chronic stress, which can precede the development of depressive symptoms. Depression and/or depressive symptoms are often associated with the subjective experience of chronic stress; the direction of causality, i.e., whether chronic stress precedes depression or whether depression leads to high subjective stress, is unclear and may vary between individuals. The authors hypothesize that chronic stress and depressive symptoms gradually . . .
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