HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
The survival, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoclasts and their precursors are provided by M-CSF signaling, which results in the activation of ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways (Nakamura et_al, 2001; Glantschnig et_al, 2003). Calcineurin, in fact, moves the autoinhibitory domain away from its catalytic_site for the dephosphorylation of NFATc1 nuclear localization signal (Park et_al, 1995; Wesselborg et_al, 1996). As a consequence, the translocation of NFATc1 to the nucleus further stimulates resorption, allowing the expression of osteoclastogenic markers, such as DC-STAMP, TRAP, CTSK, and several integrins, which determine full osteoclast maturation (Kobayashi et_al, 2001 . . .
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