HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
There is increasing evidence that gluten can trigger an innate and adaptative immune_response responsible for intestinal inflammation. There are at least 50 different types of gliadin epitopes that can have an immunomodulatory and cytotoxic role or that can impact the gut permeating activities; in fact, some of these can stimulate a pro-inflammatory innate immune_response and others can activate specific T_cells. Accordingly, Cinova et_al, in their case-control study, demonstrated that gliadin could stimulate a substantial TNF-α and IL-8 production by monocytes, principally in celiac patients, but also, to a lesser extent, in . . .
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