Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as bioactive materials in tendon-bone healing

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SUMMARY

    Increasing studies have focused on mesenchymal stem_cells (MSCs), which are multipotent stem_cells with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. The further development of stem_cell therapy encounters great difficulties. A large body of evidence has shown that the positive effects of stem_cell therapy are likely mediated by the paracrine mechanisms of MSCs, particularly by secreting exosomes. Mesenchymal stem_cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos), nano-sized extracellular vesicles, have been identified as emerging nano-scale acellular therapeutic agents for tissue regeneration. During the proliferation phase, the cytokines and growth factors released by interface cells stimulate the migration . . .

     

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