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HIGHLIGHTS

SUMMARY

Real-world data, including data from electronic health records, medical claims, and other sources, have played an increasing role in observational studies. In many studies that use real-world data, the operational definitions of study elements (e_g, inclusion and exclusion criteria, exposures, outcomes, key covariates) are derived from code-based algorithms using structured data elements or the extraction of relevant information from unstructured data, such as physician notes. Kunisawa et_al reported that the incidence of postoperative PE was 0.05% using a diagnosis code-based algorithm for discharge abstract data from a DPC database . . .

 



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