Three’s a crowd: ternary (ing) variation in the north of england

HIGHLIGHTS

  • What: Based on sociolinguistic interviews with 32 speakers from this region this study investigates whether replaces as the local standard or exists alongside it to fulfill a different sociolinguistic role. This study shows that -in is indeed prominent in the North, so much so for these speakers that the variable shows no sensitivity to grammatical category and exhibits only minimal differentiation along age and sex dimensions. To establish the factors that specifically determine the variable presence of the non-coalesced variant, the analysis in this section excludes all tokens of -in and focuses solely on the alternation . . .

     

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