Trade-offs between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes

HIGHLIGHTS

• who: Ingo Grass from the biomass (tapped and dried rubber, fresh oil palm bunches) from the selected , × , m jungle rubber, monoculture rubber, and monoculture oil palm plotsFollowing their normal schedule, plantation keepers tapped rubber trees continuously and collected rubber ranging from every week to twice per month. Oil palm bunches were harvested on average twice per month. Yields were standardized to rubber and fresh fruit bunch weight in kg ha, and averaged across years. Trees and understorey vegetation. Within each plot, we identified all trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ , cm to species level. Moreover, all . . .
  

   

  

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