HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
A key adaptive trait of vines and lianas compared with shrubs and trees is the economy of design where the climbing stem remains slender but can still reach the well-lit surface of the forest canopy via the mechanical support afforded by trees. In the Boston ivy, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, adhesive pads borne on branched tendrillar organs can fail in a sequential way when loaded and thus potentially avoid catastrophic failure of the climbing stem from the support, as the whole attachment structure will not fail as a whole (Steinbrecher et_al, 2010). In climbing plants . . .
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