HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
With some exceptions (e_g, Bray et_al 2020, 2021; Miklosi et_al 2003; Passalacqua et_al 2011), most studies on dogs` communication with humans have been carried out just with adult dogs (Cavalli et_al 2020; Henschel et_al 2020; Miklósi et_al 2000; Savalli et_al 2014), while there is lack of studies involving puppies. Previous evidence on human-directed behavior in puppies shows that gazing and gaze alternation increase with age (e_g, Bray et_al 2020, 2021; Passalacqua et_al 2011). A testing procedure was adopted from Miklósi et_al and Cavalli et_al involving three different conditions, each with three . . .
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