HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY
The present global changing and dynamic context results in the difficulty or even impossibility of the classic approach, based on historic reference state, to the conservation of natural ecosystems, and leads then to a wider approach of multidisciplinary integrated management (Walker et_al, 2006; Hobbs et_al, 2009). Constant long-lasting (e_g, urbanization, exploitation, and temperature rise) or punctual (e_g, extreme events) disturbances bring about degradation in coastal lagoons, sometimes resulting in the shift of these systems into alternative stable states, different from the initial state, in which they can be locked due to higher stability . . .
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