The impact of smoking on sperm quality and the daz gene

HIGHLIGHTS

• What: After liquefaction and complete liquefaction, the sample is ready to be processed. pH checked within one hour after ejaculation by placing one drop of sperm on pH paper and leaving it for 30 seconds, then compared to the comparison standard. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a compound that can describe the activity of free_radicals in cells so it is used as one of the indicators of oxidative stress due to free_radicals (Sulaiman et_al, 2024). The results of the study showed that partial deletion of AZFa occurred in 11 men (15.49%), complete deletion of AZF b in 1 . . .
  

   

  

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